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Sunday, July 13, 2014
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal with a bright yellow color and luster, the properties of which remain without tarnishing when exposed to air or water. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard conditions. The metal therefore occurs often in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, such as with tellurium as calaverite, sylvanite, or krennerite. As the metallic native element mineral , gold structurally belongs to the isometric copper group. It also forms a solid solution series with the native element silver (Ag) to which it is often naturally alloyed ( electrum). Other common natural gold alloys are with copper and palladium (Pd). Gold resists attacks by individual acids, but it can be dissolved by aqua regia (nitro- hydrochloric acid), so named because it dissolves gold. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which have been used in mining. It dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys; it is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property that has long been used to confirm the presence of gold in items, giving rise to the term acid test. This metal has been a valuable and highly sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, and other arts since long before the beginning of recorded history. In the past, the Gold standard has been implemented as a monetary policy, but it was widely supplanted by fiat currency starting in the 1930s. The last gold certificate and gold coin currencies were issued in the U.S. in 1932. In Europe, most countries left the gold standard with the start of World War I in 1914 and, with huge war debts, did not return to gold as a medium of exchange. The value of gold is rooted in its medium rarity, easily handling, easy smelting, non- corrosiveness, distinct color and non-reactiveness to other elements; qualities most other metals lack.
jamun: Syzygium cumunii (family Myrtaceae) neem: Azadirachta indica (family Meliaceae) pomegranate: Punica granatum (family Lythraceae) lemon: Citrus limonum (family Rutaceae) sesame: Sesamun indicum (family Pedaliaceae) mango: Magnifera indica (family Anacardiaceae) tulsi: Ocimum tenuiflorum (family Apiaceae)
Tulsi or Ocimum sanctum is an annual plant which is generally found in the Indian sub-continent. It is regarded as one of the most sacred plants in India and is found in many Indian households. Almost all parts of tulsi plant can be consumed which includes leaves, flowers, seeds and bark. While there are many therapeutic benefits attributed to tulsi, some of the major benefits include those of a digestion aid and immune booster. Tulsi Plant Quick facts about Tulsi orOcimum santcum Nomenclature *.Common name: Holy Basil, Sacred Basil *.Sanskrit name: Tulasi *.Hindi name: tulsi *.Scientific name: Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum tenuiflorum *.Sub-categories –KrishnaTulasi, Shri Tulasi, Vana Tulasi Bio-energetics *.Rasa– Katu (sharp), Tikta (bitter) *.Virya –Ushna (hot) *.Vipak –Katu (sharp) *.Doshas– Kapha, Pitta and Vata, though it’s main focus is on Kapha Habitat Tulsi plant can be found all overIndiaranging from the foot hills of theHimalayasin the north to the tropics in the south till Kanya Kumari. The plant generally grows in moist soil. It reaches a height of about 1½ feet. Tulsi belongs to the family of Lamiceae or the mint plants category. Chemical constituents or active compounds Tulsi contains chemical compounds such as eugenol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorophyll, caryophyllene, oleanolic acid and linolenic acid. Nutritional compounds found in tulsi include vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc. Health benefits Scientific research in the recent times has shed light on the therapeutic benefits of tulsi. Consuming tulsi regularly could impart several benefits such as following. *.Boosts the immune systemwith its antimicrobial properties and fights against fevers, cough and cold. *.Possesses anti-diabetic properties. It also helps in arresting blood cholesterol levels. *.Protects your eyesagainst ocular diseases such as cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma and opthalmia. *.A verygood home remedy for respiratoryand lung diseases such as asthma and bronchitis. *.Provides easy oral and dental caredue to its antibacterial properties. *.A good source of antioxidantswhich check the development of free radicals. *.Veryeffective insect repellentwith larvicidal properties against several insects.
Tulsi or Ocimum sanctum is an annual plant which is generally found in the Indian sub-continent. It is regarded as one of the most sacred plants in India and is found in many Indian households. Almost all parts of tulsi plant can be consumed which includes leaves, flowers, seeds and bark. While there are many therapeutic benefits attributed to tulsi, some of the major benefits include those of a digestion aid and immune booster. Tulsi Plant Quick facts about Tulsi orOcimum santcum Nomenclature *.Common name: Holy Basil, Sacred Basil *.Sanskrit name: Tulasi *.Hindi name: tulsi *.Scientific name: Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum tenuiflorum *.Sub-categories –KrishnaTulasi, Shri Tulasi, Vana Tulasi Bio-energetics *.Rasa– Katu (sharp), Tikta (bitter) *.Virya –Ushna (hot) *.Vipak –Katu (sharp) *.Doshas– Kapha, Pitta and Vata, though it’s main focus is on Kapha Habitat Tulsi plant can be found all overIndiaranging from the foot hills of theHimalayasin the north to the tropics in the south till Kanya Kumari. The plant generally grows in moist soil. It reaches a height of about 1½ feet. Tulsi belongs to the family of Lamiceae or the mint plants category. Chemical constituents or active compounds Tulsi contains chemical compounds such as eugenol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorophyll, caryophyllene, oleanolic acid and linolenic acid. Nutritional compounds found in tulsi include vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc. Health benefits Scientific research in the recent times has shed light on the therapeutic benefits of tulsi. Consuming tulsi regularly could impart several benefits such as following. *.Boosts the immune systemwith its antimicrobial properties and fights against fevers, cough and cold. *.Possesses anti-diabetic properties. It also helps in arresting blood cholesterol levels. *.Protects your eyesagainst ocular diseases such as cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma and opthalmia. *.A verygood home remedy for respiratoryand lung diseases such as asthma and bronchitis. *.Provides easy oral and dental caredue to its antibacterial properties. *.A good source of antioxidantswhich check the development of free radicals. *.Veryeffective insect repellentwith larvicidal properties against several insects.
Paramaanu – The God Particle What did the unmanifest space energy contain? Was it a point of singularity as the modern scientists wanted us to believe? If so then how much mass was concentrated in that point which is obviously very difficult to believe? The space is filled with Paramaanu or Microbodes which are cubical atoms. The primal manifest form of the unmanifest is a square (primal wave pattern). This is the shape of the Paramanu or Microbode. This is very luminescent, means filled with light and on a 3D plane this shape is a Square Cuboid. A Square Cuboid is a shape which is equal in all sides – say of unit measure which is the smallest measure possible and has 6 faces, 8 vertices, and 12 edges. It is expressed in Hinduism with the idols of Lord Shiva and Lord Muruga having six faces, 12 eyes, hands etc. We also need to note that 6 faces can be represented in 2 ways as Cube and Tetrahedron. Lord Muruga’s star (Hinduism) or a Star of David (Judaism) in 3D which has 6 faces and 12 edges, popularly known as Tetrahedron. Six pointed stars have also been found in cosmological diagrams in multiple religions across the world. It also represent the heart chakra (Anahata) which is related to love, equilibrium, and well-being. Shatkona(six-cornered) is kind of simplistic representation of Sri-Chakra. Shatkona or Sri-Chakra are both combinations of upward triangle(s) and downward triangle(s) The free space is packed with cubical atoms of energy. They are building blocks of the structure of the universe. So what is clear is that all these atoms existed in a “resonant state of nonvibration” before the so called “big bang” happened or the pulsation started.It did not burst out of a single point as popularly believed. Alternatively, in space every point is the center. When the pulsation started these cubical atoms underwent a shape change and manifested as shapes and forms. This cube is called as micro‐abode called Sittravai / Chittrambalam (mini hall in Tamil). This is secret in Chidambaram, Sage Appar (Chidambara ragasyam) realized. Chidambaram is a Shiva temple associated with Space energy and when you go to sanctorum you would not find any idol but just empty space with some lights there. This is to signify this concept of Paramaanu which is luminescent and is a Cuboid in shape. This is the smallest particle possible and can be called as ‘God’s particle”. The micro space, in the cubical shape is
Paramaanu – The God Particle What did the unmanifest space energy contain? Was it a point of singularity as the modern scientists wanted us to believe? If so then how much mass was concentrated in that point which is obviously very difficult to believe? The space is filled with Paramaanu or Microbodes which are cubical atoms. The primal manifest form of the unmanifest is a square (primal wave pattern). This is the shape of the Paramanu or Microbode. This is very luminescent, means filled with light and on a 3D plane this shape is a Square Cuboid. A Square Cuboid is a shape which is equal in all sides – say of unit measure which is the smallest measure possible and has 6 faces, 8 vertices, and 12 edges. It is expressed in Hinduism with the idols of Lord Shiva and Lord Muruga having six faces, 12 eyes, hands etc. We also need to note that 6 faces can be represented in 2 ways as Cube and Tetrahedron. Lord Muruga’s star (Hinduism) or a Star of David (Judaism) in 3D which has 6 faces and 12 edges, popularly known as Tetrahedron. Six pointed stars have also been found in cosmological diagrams in multiple religions across the world. It also represent the heart chakra (Anahata) which is related to love, equilibrium, and well-being. Shatkona(six-cornered) is kind of simplistic representation of Sri-Chakra. Shatkona or Sri-Chakra are both combinations of upward triangle(s) and downward triangle(s) The free space is packed with cubical atoms of energy. They are building blocks of the structure of the universe. So what is clear is that all these atoms existed in a “resonant state of nonvibration” before the so called “big bang” happened or the pulsation started.It did not burst out of a single point as popularly believed. Alternatively, in space every point is the center. When the pulsation started these cubical atoms underwent a shape change and manifested as shapes and forms. This cube is called as micro‐abode called Sittravai / Chittrambalam (mini hall in Tamil). This is secret in Chidambaram, Sage Appar (Chidambara ragasyam) realized. Chidambaram is a Shiva temple associated with Space energy and when you go to sanctorum you would not find any idol but just empty space with some lights there. This is to signify this concept of Paramaanu which is luminescent and is a Cuboid in shape. This is the smallest particle possible and can be called as ‘God’s particle”. The micro space, in the cubical shape is
Invisibilityis the state of an object that cannot be seen. An object in this state is said to beinvisible(literally, "not visible"). The term is often used in fantasy/ science fiction, where objects are literally made unseeable by magicalor technologicalmeans; however, its effects can also be demonstrated in the real world, particularly in physicsand perceptual psychologyclasses. Since objects can be seen by light in the visible spectrumfrom a source reflecting off their surfaces and hitting the viewer's eye, the most natural form of invisibility (whether real or fictional) is an object that neither reflects nor absorbs light (that is, it allows light to pass through it). This is known as transparency, and is seen in many naturally occurring materials (although no naturally occurring material is 100% transparent). Visibility also depends on the eyesof the observer and/or the instruments used. Thus an object can be classified as "invisible to" a person, animal, instrument, etc. In research on sensorial perceptionit has been shown that invisibility is perceived in cycles. [ 1 ] Invisibility is often considered to be the supreme form of camouflage, as it does not reveal to the viewer any kind of vital signs, visualeffects, or any frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrumdetectable to the human eye, instead making use of radio, infraredor ultravioletwavelengths.
Invisibilityis the state of an object that cannot be seen. An object in this state is said to beinvisible(literally, "not visible"). The term is often used in fantasy/ science fiction, where objects are literally made unseeable by magicalor technologicalmeans; however, its effects can also be demonstrated in the real world, particularly in physicsand perceptual psychologyclasses. Since objects can be seen by light in the visible spectrumfrom a source reflecting off their surfaces and hitting the viewer's eye, the most natural form of invisibility (whether real or fictional) is an object that neither reflects nor absorbs light (that is, it allows light to pass through it). This is known as transparency, and is seen in many naturally occurring materials (although no naturally occurring material is 100% transparent). Visibility also depends on the eyesof the observer and/or the instruments used. Thus an object can be classified as "invisible to" a person, animal, instrument, etc. In research on sensorial perceptionit has been shown that invisibility is perceived in cycles. [ 1 ] Invisibility is often considered to be the supreme form of camouflage, as it does not reveal to the viewer any kind of vital signs, visualeffects, or any frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrumdetectable to the human eye, instead making use of radio, infraredor ultravioletwavelengths.
Invisibilityis the state of an object that cannot be seen. An object in this state is said to beinvisible(literally, "not visible"). The term is often used in fantasy/ science fiction, where objects are literally made unseeable by magicalor technologicalmeans; however, its effects can also be demonstrated in the real world, particularly in physicsand perceptual psychologyclasses. Since objects can be seen by light in the visible spectrumfrom a source reflecting off their surfaces and hitting the viewer's eye, the most natural form of invisibility (whether real or fictional) is an object that neither reflects nor absorbs light (that is, it allows light to pass through it). This is known as transparency, and is seen in many naturally occurring materials (although no naturally occurring material is 100% transparent). Visibility also depends on the eyesof the observer and/or the instruments used. Thus an object can be classified as "invisible to" a person, animal, instrument, etc. In research on sensorial perceptionit has been shown that invisibility is perceived in cycles. [ 1 ] Invisibility is often considered to be the supreme form of camouflage, as it does not reveal to the viewer any kind of vital signs, visualeffects, or any frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrumdetectable to the human eye, instead making use of radio, infraredor ultravioletwavelengths.
Platinumis a chemical elementwith the chemical symbolPtand an atomic numberof 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish termplatina, which is literally translated into "little silver". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Platinum is a member of the platinum groupof elements and group 10of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crustwith an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It occurs in some nickeland copperores along with some nativedeposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in the earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnesare produced annually, and is therefore highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity. Platinum is the least reactive metal. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Consequently, platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sandsof various rivers, it was first used by pre-ColumbianSouth American natives to produce artifacts. It was referenced in European writings as early as 16th century, but it was not until Antonio de Ulloapublished a report on a new metal of Colombianorigin in 1748 that it became investigated by scientists.
Platinumis a chemical elementwith the chemical symbolPtand an atomic numberof 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish termplatina, which is literally translated into "little silver". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Platinum is a member of the platinum groupof elements and group 10of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crustwith an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It occurs in some nickeland copperores along with some nativedeposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in the earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnesare produced annually, and is therefore highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity. Platinum is the least reactive metal. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Consequently, platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sandsof various rivers, it was first used by pre-ColumbianSouth American natives to produce artifacts. It was referenced in European writings as early as 16th century, but it was not until Antonio de Ulloapublished a report on a new metal of Colombianorigin in 1748 that it became investigated by scientists.
Platinumis a chemical elementwith the chemical symbolPtand an atomic numberof 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish termplatina, which is literally translated into "little silver". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Platinum is a member of the platinum groupof elements and group 10of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crustwith an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It occurs in some nickeland copperores along with some nativedeposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in the earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnesare produced annually, and is therefore highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity. Platinum is the least reactive metal. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Consequently, platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sandsof various rivers, it was first used by pre-ColumbianSouth American natives to produce artifacts. It was referenced in European writings as early as 16th century, but it was not until Antonio de Ulloapublished a report on a new metal of Colombianorigin in 1748 that it became investigated by scientists.
Aerogelis a syntheticporous ultralight materialderived from a gel, in which the liquidcomponent of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density [ 1 ]and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include "frozen smoke", [ 2 ]"solid smoke", "solid air" or "blue smoke" owing to its translucentnature and the way light scattersin the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene( Styrofoam) to the touch. Aerogel was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistlerin 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in "jellies" with gas without causing shrinkage. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Aerogels are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse from capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced from silica gels. Kistler's later work involved aerogels based on alumina, chromiaand tin dioxide. Carbonaerogels were first developed in the late 1980s.
Aerogelis a syntheticporous ultralight materialderived from a gel, in which the liquidcomponent of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density [ 1 ]and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include "frozen smoke", [ 2 ]"solid smoke", "solid air" or "blue smoke" owing to its translucentnature and the way light scattersin the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene( Styrofoam) to the touch. Aerogel was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistlerin 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in "jellies" with gas without causing shrinkage. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Aerogels are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse from capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced from silica gels. Kistler's later work involved aerogels based on alumina, chromiaand tin dioxide. Carbonaerogels were first developed in the late 1980s.
Aerogelis a syntheticporous ultralight materialderived from a gel, in which the liquidcomponent of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density [ 1 ]and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include "frozen smoke", [ 2 ]"solid smoke", "solid air" or "blue smoke" owing to its translucentnature and the way light scattersin the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene( Styrofoam) to the touch. Aerogel was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistlerin 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in "jellies" with gas without causing shrinkage. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Aerogels are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse from capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced from silica gels. Kistler's later work involved aerogels based on alumina, chromiaand tin dioxide. Carbonaerogels were first developed in the late 1980s.
Aerogelis a syntheticporous ultralight materialderived from a gel, in which the liquidcomponent of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density [ 1 ]and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include "frozen smoke", [ 2 ]"solid smoke", "solid air" or "blue smoke" owing to its translucentnature and the way light scattersin the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene( Styrofoam) to the touch. Aerogel was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistlerin 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in "jellies" with gas without causing shrinkage. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Aerogels are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse from capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced from silica gels. Kistler's later work involved aerogels based on alumina, chromiaand tin dioxide. Carbonaerogels were first developed in the late 1980s.
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