Bladder Store

Bladder stone Classification and external resources A star-shaped urolith can be seen in the urinary bladderon this radiographof the pelvis ICD- 10 N 21.0- N 21.9 ICD- 9 594.0, 594.1, 594.2, 594.8, 594.9 DiseasesDB 31859 MedlinePlus 001275 eMedicine ped/2371 MeSH D001744 Bladderstones incidentally found in a bladder diverticulumduring transvesical prostatectomy(removal of the prostate via an incision in the bladder) Abladder stone(also called avesical calculusorcystolith) is a stonefound in the urinary bladder. The termcystolithiasisrefers to the presence of stones in the bladder. [ 1 ] Classification Urinary stones may be composed of the following substances: [ 2 ] *. Calcium oxalate monohydrate(whewellite) *. Calcium oxalate dihydrate(weddellite) *. Calcium phosphate *. Magnesium phosphate *. Ammonium phosphate *. Ammonium magnesium phosphate(struvite) *. Calcium hydroxyphosphate(apatite) *. Uric acidand its salts (urates) *. Cystine *. Xanthine *.Indigotin (rare) *. Urostealith(rare) *. Sulfonamide(rare) Signs and symptoms Bladder stones are small particles that can form in the bladder. In most cases bladder stones develop when the urine becomes very concentrated or when one is dehydrated. This allows for the minerals like calcium or magnesium to crystallize and form stones. Bladder stones vary in number, size and consistency. In some cases bladder stones do not cause any symptoms and are discovered as an incidental finding on a plain radiograph. However, when symptoms do occur, these may include severe lower abdominal and back pain, difficult urination, frequent urination at night, fever, painful urination and blood in the urine. The majority of individuals who are symptomatic will complain of pain which comes in waves. The pain may also be associated with nausea, vomiting and chills. [ 3 ] Bladder stones vary in their size, shape and texture- some are small, hard and smooth whereas others are huge, spiked and very soft. One can have one or multiple stones. Bladder stones are somewhat more common in men who have prostate enlargement. The large prostatepresses on the urethra and makes it difficult to pass urine. Over time, stagnant urine collects in the bladder and minerals like calcium start to precipitate. Other individuals who develop bladder stones include those who have had spinal cord injury, paralysis, or some type of nerve damage. When nerves to the back are damaged, the bladder cannot empty, resulting in stagnant urine. [ 4 ] Causes Bladder stones may occur whenever the kidneys, bladder, or ureters become inflamed, which may occur when the urinebecomes too concentrated or when the body becomes dehydrated. Minerals such as calcium and magnesium crystallize into the stones, which then can cause such symptoms as lower back or abdominal pain or difficulty with urination. The use of urinary cathetersmay cause a bladder stone. Individuals who are paralyzed or are unable to adequately pass urine may require the use of small plastic tubes ( catheters) placed into the bladder. The use of these tubes may lead to an infection, which irritates the bladder, resulting in stone formation. Finally, a kidney stone may travel down the ureter into the bladder and become a bladder stone. There is some evidence indicating that chronic irritation of the bladder by retained stones may increase the chance of bladder cancer. Urinary schistosomiasis, a disease caused by the digenean trematode Schistosoma haematobium, has been implicated in the development of vesical calculi. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]However, evidence accumulated thus far has not supported this hypothesis.